本书根据教育部颁布的《理工科类大学物理实验课程教学基本要求》，结合大学物理实验仪器设备实际情况，在总结多年大学物理实验教学实践经验的基础上编写而成。 全书共分4章，绪论部分介绍了物理实验的目的和任务、基本规则和要求，第1章介绍了误差理论、不确定度、实验数据处理方法等内容，第2章共9个基础实验，第3章共12个近代物理与综合应用性实验，第4章共9个研究及设计性实验，用于学生第二课堂的自主学习，附录中给出了常用的物理参数。

丛红璐：男，1984年生，副教授，沧州交通学院通识教育学院教师，主讲《大学物理》和《大学物理实验》类课程。北京物理学会高教物理研究会理事，河北省精品开放课程项目负责人及精品课主讲，河北省实验教学示范中心建设项目负责人。

目 录 绪论··········································································1 第1章 测量误差与数据处理基础知识············································6 1.1测量与误差的基本概念···················································6 1.2系统误差的理论分析和处理··············································11 1.3随机误差的理论分析和处理··············································13 1.4测量结果与不确定度的评定··············································19 1.5有效数字的记录及其运算················································27 1.6数据处理方法··························································31 习题······································································44 第2章 基础性实验···························································46 2.1长度的测量····························································46 2.2物体密度的测量························································54 2.3静态拉伸法测量材料的杨氏模量··········································62 2.4三线摆法测量刚体的转动惯量············································68 2.5示波器的原理与使用····················································75 2.6惠斯通电桥测电阻······················································86 2.7开尔文电桥测量导体电阻率··············································92 2.8分光计的调整与使用····················································98 2.9不良导体导热系数的测量···············································107 第3章 近代物理与综合性实验···············································113 3.1密立根油滴仪测量电子电量·············································113 3.2空气中声速的测量·····················································119 3.3分压限流与二极管伏安特性的测量·······································125 3.4霍尔效应测量磁场·····················································132 3.5迈克尔逊干涉仪测量激光波长···········································140 3.6光电效应和普朗克常量的测量···········································147 3.7弗兰克-赫兹实验······················································154 3.8超声光栅测量液体中的声速·············································162 3.9等厚干涉实验·························································168 3.10动态共振法测量材料的杨氏模量········································174 3.11金属电子逸出功的测量················································179 3.12铁磁材料磁滞回线和磁化曲线的测绘····································185 第4章 研究及设计性实验·····················································190 4.1利用单摆测量重力加速度···············································190 4.2弹簧质量对周期的影响·················································191 4.3落球法测量液体粘滞系数···············································192 4.4应用布儒斯特定律测量玻璃的折射率·····································194 4.5利用分光计测量三棱镜的折射率·········································196 4.6电表的改装和校准·····················································197 4.7静态法测量空气的导热系数·············································199 4.8法布里—珀罗干涉仪测量钠光双线波长差·································200 4.9利用超声光栅测量液体弹性模量·········································202 附录········································································203 附录1 基本物理常量······················································203 附录2 部分物质的密度····················································203 附录3 中国部分城市重力加速度············································204 附录4 海平面上不同纬度的重力加速度······································204 附录5 20℃时某些金属的杨氏模量··········································204 附录6 某些物质中的声速··················································205 附录7 20℃时与空气接触的液体表面张力系数································205 附录8 不同温度下与空气接触的水的表面张力系数····························205 附录9 金属合金的电阻率及其温度系数······································205 附录10 物质的折射率·····················································206 附录11 部分液体和液体的比热容···········································206 附录12 常用气体比热、比重表·············································206 附录13 饱和蒸汽压强、温度对照表·········································207 附录14 某些材料的导热系数···············································207 附录15 物理量及单位的名称和单位符号·····································208 附录16 用于构造十进倍数和分数单位的词头·································208 附录17 物理实验中常见的仪器误差限值·····································209